An International Comparison of District Heating Markets
This study provides an understanding of the similarities and differences between the district heating markets in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Lithuania and Austria. The report entails a promise to enlighten any discussion on regulatory or, more broadly, institutional change in district heating markets.
There is no evidence of prices on average being lower or higher as a response to price regulation. One obvious conclusion is that price regulation, as presented, shifts the price risk down to the consumer. This might not be a major problem as the authorities in every country presumably have the consumer interest at hand. But a price regulation can be in place for other welfare reasons than keeping the district heating prices under control.
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